Lecture 16

Todays topic was Crusader Jerusalem. We had a substitue named Ryan Roberts who gave us the lecture.The crusades accured between 1099-1187.We still see that after thousands of years, the crusades are still used to describe things that are happening in our world today. Some backgound on the Crusades. Before the crusades were the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatamid dynasties. Then cam teh Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, which is Jerusalem under Crusaders Rule.Some of the contributing factors to the crusades were political, religious and socio-econimics. With the political part, there were emergence of Holy Roman Empire in Western Europe, causing divisionsin Christianity. For the Religious part, late reaction ot persecution of Christians populations of Jerusalem. The holy sepulcher was destroyed and kills patriarch of Jerusalem. With the Socio-economic part, there was a  phenomenon of the second and third son.On noveber 27, 1095, pope Urban II gave a speech and encourages them to free and liberate Jerusalem while they are on their way to exterminate the people from their lands. He is telling the poeple to drop everything they have and pick up a weapon and head off on a hard journey and fight. Once he puts it out there, he is blown away by the people becasue they all agree with him.So what exactly is a crusade? An expedition authorized by the pope on christs behalf, the leading participants in which took vpws and consequently enjoyed the privileges of protection at home and the indulgence, which when the campaign was not destined for the easty, was ewuated with that granted to crusaders to the holy land. (Riley-smith). We can see that the crusades were very religious because they came from the pope, throught God. But what is indulgence. Remisson of the penalties due for sins that was granted to crusaders. One could get an indulgence by conributing funds to a crusade, preaching a crusade, collecting money for one, settleing as a colonist in the holy land.The first crusades, there were many routes. One was the pesants crusades. They were very "gung-ho" about it.

The first crusades occured from 1095-1099, preached by Urban II at Clermont. Jerusalem conquered by Godfrey de Couillon, in 1099. in 1100, baldwin became "king of Jerusalem". With the Crusaders Jerusalem, There were 4 quarters. Patriarchs quarter, Templar quarter, Syrian quarrer and armenian quarter.The second Crusades was from 1147-1149. It was preached by St. Bernard at Vezelay.Some of the crusader period monuments. the dome of hte rock, al-aqsa mosque, church of the holy sepulccher, church of st. mary, church of the ascension, church of st. lazarus, arminian quarter, as well as 42 other churches that have been identified.
Bernard Desribes Templars. Order of Knights Temlar was found in 1118. Domain located on Temple Mount. On the coin, ther were two "poor knights" sharinga  horse depicting early idealism of crusaders.The Hospitallers were a community of mostly french Crusaders located in Muristan quarter near Holy Sepulcher.Some other orders were Teutonic Knights (German Hositalers), form 1128 in syrian quarter.
It was cool, the sub showed us this video of a video game that uses Jerusalem called assassin creed. Its funny becasue I watched my brother play this video game all summer and I actually like it. But the sub broke down the video and showed us the different asspects of Jerusalem in it, like the dome of the rock, church of the holy sepulchar and the city of David.