Lecture 18

We started lecture by finishing up lecture 16.
Saladin allowed the Jews to resettle in Jerusalem. The Jews were told that they must return to "Land of their Fathers" and "risk their lives for Zion".During the crusades, Jerusalem was pretty much just Christain. During Mamluk, it was Muslims, Jews and Christians. During hte Ottomon period there was tolerance between Muslims, Jews and Christians.The next topic we talked about was 20th century Jerusalem. We started with a timeline. from 1516 to 1967.We see that there is a rise of Zionism as well as in European Nationalism. Where is the land of the Jews??? We see anti-semitic pogroms in islamic caused by catholics. we also see anti-semitic pogroms in Russia causing Jews to flee to Palestine. The rise of Hitler and anti-semitism caused Jews to be killed causing them to flee further away from hitler and toward Jerusalem.After world war 1, everything began to change. The Ottomans aligned with German against France and Britain. Jerusalme became the headquarters for VIII Turkish Corps. The British used Palestine to break "stalemate".The British and France make a secret agreement called the sykes-picot agreement. It divided former Ottoman Empire into area of control and influence. The British got Palestine, Jordan and Southern Iraq.We then talked about the Balfour Declaration. It was  written in Nov. 2 1917, British PM Lloyed George and he directs Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to write to Lord Rothschild. They wanted to very quitely support Jewish things in Palestine.The British took control from 1918-1948. The Promised to protect he holy places of all faiths.  We can see this in the "white paper" as well as the Peel plan.The "White Paper" clarified how britan viewed the Balfour Declaration. British at frist did not support a Jewish Natinal Home, but a continuation o a community in Palestine. In Jull 1933, Britan partitioned are to the west of hte Jordan for a Jewish settlement.The Peel Commission suggested in response to violence between Arabs and Jews prior to WWII. It was an early "two state" solution taht was a parition of Palestine and approved by U.N. in August 1947.In 1948, The Arab-Israeli War breaks out. The British Depart amidst fighting on May 14/15. The Jordanian Army arrives on May 16 and they fought. A truce was arranged by UN in July. Isreal and Jordan signed a armistice in march 16, 1949. A green line was created between isreal and Jordanian-held west bank.Professor started to go over things very quickly because we were running out of time. He showed us a picture to show us how things were split up after the war.